本文共 4339 字,大约阅读时间需要 14 分钟。
1. 背景
* 全并查询结果是将多个 select 语句的查询结果合并到一起。
* 参与合并的结果集需要字段统一。
* 字段可以用空字符串''代替。
2. 合并查询结果实战 [ users1 and users2 ]
* 查看 users1 表和 users2 表结构
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | mysql> desc users1; + -------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | + -------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | bigint (20) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar (64) | NO | | NULL | | | sex | enum( 'M' , 'F' ) | NO | | NULL | | | age | int (11) | NO | | NULL | | + -------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> desc users2; + -------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | + -------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id | bigint (20) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | varchar (64) | NO | | NULL | | | sex | enum( 'M' , 'F' ) | NO | | NULL | | | age | int (11) | NO | | NULL | | + -------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) |
* 查看 users1 表和 users2 表数据
users1和users2表中有相同字段 tom
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | mysql> select * from users1; + ----+------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | + ----+------+-----+-----+ | 1 | tom | M | 25 | | 2 | jak | F | 42 | + ----+------+-----+-----+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from users2; + ----+-------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | + ----+-------+-----+-----+ | 1 | tom | M | 25 | | 2 | lisea | M | 42 | + ----+-------+-----+-----+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
* union 合并并去重
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | mysql> ( select * from users1) union ( select * from users2); + ----+-------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | + ----+-------+-----+-----+ | 1 | tom | M | 25 | | 2 | jak | F | 42 | | 2 | lisea | M | 42 | + ----+-------+-----+-----+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
* union all 只全并不去重
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | mysql> ( select * from users1) union all ( select * from users2); + ----+-------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | + ----+-------+-----+-----+ | 1 | tom | M | 25 | | 2 | jak | F | 42 | | 1 | tom | M | 25 | | 2 | lisea | M | 42 | + ----+-------+-----+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) |
* 查看union 性能分析
[ 使用了临时表 ]
mysql> explain (select * from users1) union (select * from users2);+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+| 1 | PRIMARY | users1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | 100.00 | NULL || 2 | UNION | users2 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | 100.00 | NULL || NULL | UNION RESULT || NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | Using temporary |+----+--------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------+3 rows in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
* 查看union all 性能分析
[ 未使用临时表 ]
mysql> explain (select * from users1) union all (select * from users2);+----+-------------+--------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |+----+-------------+--------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+| 1 | PRIMARY | users1 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | 100.00 | NULL || 2 | UNION | users2 | NULL | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | 100.00 | NULL |+----+-------------+--------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+-------+2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
3. union 与 union all 总结
* union 相对于 union all多了一步去重操作,此操作会创建临时表,降低性能。
* 当两边结果集数据相对都确定了唯一性,推荐使用union all。
4. 总结
以需求驱动技术,技术本身没有优略之分,只有业务之分。
本文转自asd1123509133 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/lisea/1943768,如需转载请自行联系原作者